Modules → Opening Reinforcement Design

Opening Reinforcement Design

Module created after it has been requested by Users and registered at Pool of Ideas (id # KX73B1) page.

1. Types

2. Drawing

Fig. 2.1. - Drawing

The drawings for the head and shell types are generate dynamically and updated every time the USER change a dimension. After the button Run is clicked, the Results page will be shown and the drawing can no longer be changed (unless the user click in the Back button).

3. Units

For now (version 1.0.0), only International Unit System[ 2 ] or just SI Units is accepted, but we're working to implement the Imperial Unit System[ 3 ] in the following versions, as it's still used by many countries (specially USA) and companies.

The Table below show the relationship between International and Imperial unit system which will be used by our application in the future and can be used by the USER to do the conversion.

Unit	International	Imperial	Conversion (SI → Imperial)
Temperature	°C	°F	((°C × 9/5) + 32) / 32
Pressure	MPa	PSi	MPA * 145
Length	mm	in	mm * 25.4
Density	kg/cm^3	lb/in^3	kg/cm^2 * 36.127
Volume	m^3	ft^3	m^3 * 35.315
Weight	kg	lb	kg * 2.205
Force	N	lbf	N * 4.448
Area	mm^2	in^2	mm^2 * 645.2
Moment	N.mm	lbf.in	N.mm * 0.00885

4. Fields

4.1. Module

The module tab have two versions: one for a new part (see Fig. 4.1.1) and one for an existing part (see Fig. 4.1.2). The difference is that when a part is saved, an unique identifier (ID) will be generated for it and it can be linked to other parts and equipment. The ID is shown above the Module tab (see Fig. 4.1.3) and there's a button to Project Management module beside it.

Note (1):

Section 11 explain how to link parts using the Add Part as Reference button.

Fig. 4.1.1. - Module Tab for a new Part

Fig. 4.1.2. - Module Tab for an existing Part

Fig. 4.1.3. - Unique Identifier (ID) for existing part

Variable	Name	Unit	Type	Description
<none>	Description	<none>	Select	Short description of the part. For example: if designing a Bolted Flange to be connected at the upper part of the vessel, you can simply call if Upper Flange, if there's other flanges in there, you can be even more specific, calling if Upper Left Flange or Upper Gas Flange. Just remember that you'll use the description to identify the part (you can also use its id, but it's usually difficult to remember)
<none>	System of Units	<none>	Select	Unit system that will define the units used in all the variables in the calculation. The most known types are Imperial System and International System. Unfortunately we still don't support changing units and the International System will be used as a default.
<none>	Decimal Places	<none>	Select	Number of decimal places to be used in the calculations and results. User can choose between 1 to 4 decimal places (also known as precision).

Note (2):

For now it isn't possible to change the System of Units, so its field will be greyed and can't be changed.

4.2. Process

In order to avoid errors and/or mistakes, we decided that the USER won't be able to specify the dimensions and process data of the Nozzle and Shell in this Module. It's required to load an existing part (see Section 4.3.1. and 4.3.2.) to use it. After the USER specify which nozzle and shell part will be used, the process data will be loaded in the process tab (Fig. 4.2.1.).

If process data from shell and nozzle are different, a warning message will be shown in the tab. Such inconsistency must be fixed before proceeding with the calculation.

Fig. 4.2.1. - Process Tab

Variable	Name	Unit	Type	Description
Td	Design Internal Temperature	°C, °F	Field	Maximum expected internal temperature in the vessel in normal operation. See UG-20 for more information.
Pd	Design Internal Pressure	MPa, PSi	Field	Maximum expected internal pressure in the vessel in normal operation. See UG-21 for more information.
Tde	Design External Temperature	°C, °F	Field	Maximum expected external temperature in the vessel in normal operation.
Pde	Design External Pressure	MPa, PSi	Field	Maximum expected external pressure in the vessel in normal operation.

4.3. Dimensions

4.3.1. Shell

Fig. 4.2.1. - Process Tab

Variable	Name	Unit
<none>	Shell	<none>
<none>	Nozzle	<none>
Dp	Reinforcement Diameter	mm, in
te	Reinforcement Thickness	mm, in
t	Shell Thickness	mm, in
Od	Nozzle Outside Diameter	mm, in
tn	Nozzle Wall Thickness	mm, in
h	Nozzle Inside Length	mm, in

4.3.2. Nozzle

Fig. 4.2.1. - Process Tab

Variable	Name	Unit
<none>	Shell	<none>
<none>	Nozzle	<none>
Dp	Reinforcement Diameter	mm, in
te	Reinforcement Thickness	mm, in
t	Shell Thickness	mm, in
Od	Nozzle Outside Diameter	mm, in
tn	Nozzle Wall Thickness	mm, in
h	Nozzle Inside Length	mm, in

4.3.3. Reinforcement

Fig. 4.2.1. - Process Tab

Variable	Name	Unit
<none>	Shell	<none>
<none>	Nozzle	<none>
Dp	Reinforcement Diameter	mm, in
te	Reinforcement Thickness	mm, in
t	Shell Thickness	mm, in
Od	Nozzle Outside Diameter	mm, in
tn	Nozzle Wall Thickness	mm, in
h	Nozzle Inside Length	mm, in

4.4. Material

Opening Reinforcement module have three material tab, one for each part: Shell, Nozzle and Reinforcement. All material tab have the same fields so the description in this section will apply for them all.

To select material click in the white box icon beside the Material Name field, a modal window (see Fig. 4.4.2.) will appear with a list of available materials. Click in the material name to select it. You can use the search field to speed the process. It'll filter all columns.

Note (2):

The option to insert USER own values for material properties is being implemented, that's why it's greyed out and with a line-through.

Fig. 4.4.1. - Material Tab

Fig. 4.4.2. - Material List Modal

Variable	Name	Unit	Type	Description
<none>	Is the Material Normalized?	<none>	Checkbox	xxx
<none>	Use your own values?	<none>	Checkbox	xxx
<none>	Material Name	<none>	Select	xxx
Su	Tensile Strength at Design Temperature	MPa, psi	Field	xxx
Sy	Yield Strength at Design Temperature	MPa, psi	Field	xxx
Emd	Elastic Modulus at Design Temperature	GPa, kpsi	Field	xxx
S	Allowable Stress at Design Temperature	MPa, psi	Field	xxx
Sa	Allowable Stress at Ambient Temperature	MPa, psi	Field	xxx
md	Material Density	kg/m^3, lbf/in^3	Field	xxx
<none>	Group Number	<none>	Field	xxx
<none>	P-Number	<none>	Field	xxx
<none>	P-Number Thickness	mm, in	Field	xxx
<none>	External Pressure Chart	<none>	Field	xxx
<none>	UCS-66 Curve	<none>	Field	xxx

4.5. Settings

Variable	Name	Unit	Type	Description
<none>	Disable sharing of this Module?	<none>

5. Messages

The Module will show messages in the results pages when needed.

5.1. Warnings

5.2. Info

6. Sharing

The sharing option is something that we thought would be useful because engineers works as a team and usually share their projects with another engineers or customers, either to review or for approval.

Nowadays working side by side (physically) with other engineers is becoming something from the past. Hybrid and Remote position are becoming common in many companies. So no more printing the project and let in the co-work table to be checked. You either send the PDF (or software file) by e-mail or save it in the company drive.

Our approach is a little bit better. We let the USER choose which USERs can access the project, equipment and part and what kind of permission they will have. You can let some USERs change anything in a Part or let they only see it (input and output).

To share a project, equipment or part you must be its owner. You can be the owner by either creating the project, equipment or part or if the current owner delegates it to you. Also the option Disable sharing of this Part? in the Settings tab must be set to No (see Fig. 4.5.1), in case of Part and if it's a Project or Equipment, the sharing button in the PJM module must be set to enable (see more about it in the Project Management documentation).

Currently there are two types of sharing status:

Full Access: this type of access let the USER make changes to the Project, Equipment and Part but can't delete it (only its owner can do that)
View Access: USER with this type of access can't make changes, can only see the input and output data.

7. Limitations

The version 1.0.0 comes with some limitations which are listed below:

This version can't be used to calculate the following situations:
1. Shell under External Pressure (UG-28);
2. Stiffening Rings (UG-29);
3. Head with Pressure on Convex Side (UG-33);
4. Spherical Shell (UG-27(d));
5. Negative temperatures.

8. Results

8.1. Quick Table

The Quick Table (see Fig. 9.1.1.) shows the most important information from the results. It also shows if there's some error in the calculation (it'll be shown in red).

In the future version we'll let the User select which information want to see in it.

Fig. 9.1.1. - Quick Table

8.2. Input

The Input tab (see Fig. 9.2.1.) in the results page shows all the information from the input page. It can be used to check all the data inserted by the User and by our system. The input will also be shown in the Calculation Report (DOCX).

Fig. 9.2.1. - Input List

8.3. Output

Fig. 8.3.1. - Output List

8.4. Bottom Menu

At the bottom of the page you'll find three buttons (see Fig. 8.4.1.):

Back: will bring the USER back to the Input page
Save: will save the Part and the USER will be able to access it using the direct link shown in the browser or through the Project Management module
Report: will generate and download the Calculation Report

Fig. 8.4.1. - Output buttons

8.5. Summary

To help USER easily check the equations and input data we created a summary which is show at the right side of the page (see Fig. 8.5.1.). It's composed by hyperlinks and if clicked the part where the item is located will be show. The list is divided in Input and Output to facilitate the identification.

Fig. 8.5.1. - Output buttons

9. Testing

If you access the Shell & Head Design module without being logged, you'll see a warning message as shown in the Fig. 10.1. stating that you're entering into a testing environment, which basically means that you'll not be able to use it in a real case, as some features are disabled and the data range that can be use is limited.

Fig. 10.1. - Testing Environment Warning

If you need to use the it beyond its testing limitation, contact us through Contact page and we'll see what can we do for you. We could, for example, give you a 1 day free trial or a guided testing with us.

9.1. Limitations

There are two types of limitation in the Testing Environment: features disabled and data range restriction.

9.1.1. Features Disabled

Feature	Limitation

9.1.2. Data Range Restriction

Variable	Description	Limitation

9.2. Access Protection

The public API used in the testing environment is different from the API used in the production environment. So, even if someone tries to direct access the API with values outside the data range, the API will return an error.

10. Linking Parts

The calculation modules that we've in the ΣCalc or, more specifically, in the MarsCalc package, works independently from each other. It means that, if you are designing a spherical head to be attached in a conical shell, one part will not "know" about the other. The only exception are the modules that require the USER to load data from other modules. It's the case for Opening Reinforcement Design (ORD) and Saddle Support Design (SSD).

Note (1):

We understand that this kind of limitation is a big issue for some USERS and we are working on that. For now, the only way to a part "talk" to another is through the Project Management (PJM) module but, even this way have limitations.

To let the USER specify which parts are connected, we created the reference list. Let say, for example, that you have a torispherical head connected to a cylindrical shell. If you go to the Equipment tab in the Project Management module you'll see that the equipment have many parts, including the head and shell specified above but, you can't know how they are connected. If you add the cylindrical shell as a reference to the torispherical head, you'll know that it's connected.

The problem now is: what if the cylindrical shell have two heads, how can you know which one is in the top and which is in the bottom? Unfortunately we don't have a way to specify that, we're planning to let USER to assembly the pressure vessel just like PVElite does (using 2D drawings and nodes to connect the parts) but it isn't our top priority (it is listed in the Pool of Ideas with the ID # 9FF565B5)

Okay, lets go to the how to part. To add a part as a reference, first make sure that both parts are saved (exist and have and ID), then click in the Add part as a Reference (see Fig. 4.1.2) button. A modal (see Fig. 10.1) will be shown with the list of all parts created by the USER. If there are too many parts and you already know the ID of the part that you which to add, just type it in the search field to filter the list. To finish, just click in the part that you want to add and the modal will close and it'll appear in the Parts Linked to this Part table in the Module tab.

Fig. 10.1. - Reference Modal

One important thing that you must understand: linked parts have no effect in the calculation. It serves only as a reference. So if you add a stainless steel part to a carbon steel, the application won't show any warning.

Note (2):

Linking parts works both ways: if you add part X to part Y, part Y will be added to part X. Same happen when removing parts (by clicking in the "X" icon in the Action column).

Note (3):

When you delete a Part, all references to it will also be deleted.

11. Calculation Report

Calculation report can be generated and downloaded by clicking on the Report button located in the bottom menu, which is only visible in the results page. The file name will be the part ID.

Note (1):

The output file is generated in docx version 2016. We're not planning to support pdf format as nowadays you can easily convert docx to pdf using Google Docs, LibreOffice or Microsoft Word.

Fig. 11.1. shows the information contained in the first page of the report. Company name and logo can be set in the Dashboard. All the other information are automatically generated.

Fig. 11.1. - Calculation Report second page

The second page will show the part description (information given by the USER in the Module tab), part id (automatically generated), drawing (same as shown in the input page), input and output (equations).

Fig. 11.2. - Calculation Report first page

Note (2):

The equipment calculation report, which contains the report of all the parts of the equipment, can be generated in the Project Management module.

Note (3):

We've make an example report available in the Files pages.

Changelog (doc)

To see the changelog entries just click in the arrow next to Changelog title.

If you want to receive an e-mail notification every time an article or documentation is updated, just sign up and click in the Notify Me button at the bottom of the page (only visible for logged Users).

Opening Reinforcement Design

1. Types

2. Drawing

3. Units

4. Fields

4.1. Module

4.2. Process

4.3. Dimensions

4.3.1. Shell

4.3.2. Nozzle

4.3.3. Reinforcement

4.4. Material

4.5. Settings

5. Messages

5.1. Warnings

5.2. Info

6. Sharing

7. Limitations

8. Results

8.1. Quick Table

8.2. Input

8.3. Output

8.4. Bottom Menu

8.5. Summary

9. Testing

9.1. Limitations

9.1.1. Features Disabled

9.1.2. Data Range Restriction

9.2. Access Protection

10. Linking Parts

11. Calculation Report

Changelog (doc)

References